Optimization of the acid lactic fermentation of the bee pollen to laboratory scale
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Abstract
The bee pollen is a product with proven nutraceutical properties but their high microbial content has not allowed the commercialization of this important line of Cuban beekeeping. Previous investigations have shown that lactic acid fermentation through the silage, is an effective method to reduce the pollen microbiota. The aim of this work is to optimize the lactic acid fermentation of bee pollen to laboratory scale. Factorial design was used with two factors, initial moisture of the silos and inoculum type with three levels each. As response variables were evaluated acidity, pH and enumeration of microorganisms healthcare quality indicators and pathogenic bacterias. The results were processed through Design Expert ® Software Version 6.0.1, with a confidence level of 95%. With increasing moisture in the silos of the 30 to 36 %, increased the acidity and decreased pH and enumeration of the filamentous fungi significantly but only in the silos to 36 % moisture filamentous fungi fell below the limits acceptance taken as reference. However, the factor inoculum had no significant effect on the variability of the acidity and pH and have a significant effect on the counts of filamentous fungi. The inoculum most effective to decrease the filamentous fungi was 42. The Models adjusted for acidity and concentration of filamentous fungi were the best because explain the 99 and 88 % of the variance respectively, with no significant loss of adjustment. Optimal levels of the factors to obtain a fermented product with acceptable microbiological quality were 36 % humidity and the use of isolated 42 as inoculum.
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