Pollen diversity in bee bread in two apiaries of Matanzas province, Cuba
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Abstract
Adequate nutrition is essential for the growth and development of the hive. The diversity and availability of pollen in the foraging radius of Apis mellifera L. is an important factor for its vitality and health. Cuba is a country with abundant pollen resources, however, the blooms take place punctually during the year. Beekeepers transhumance their hives to other areas to supply the nutritional needs of the hive. With this in mind, the diversity of pollen grains stored as bee bread in two apiaries, one fixed and the other transhumant, in the province of Matanzas during the year 2021 was analyzed. Pollen grains from 29 pollen types were found in both apiaries. The Shannon Diversity Index ranged from 0.30 to 1.93 and from 0.14 to 1.97 in the fixed and transhumant apiaries, respectively. However, only significant difference in pollen diversity was obtained between the months of study Sq=8.39x10-12. Apis mellifera showed preference for Cocos nucifera pollen grains mainly. The pollen types Combretaceae, Bursera simaruba, Mimosoideae, Helianthus annus, Bidens-Viguiera type, Roystonea regia and Dichrostachys cinerea were identified as secondary. In general, it is concluded that there is an adequate availability and diversity of polliniferous blooms in both apiaries.
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