Using mitochondrial DNA as a tool for describing populations of Apis mellifera
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Abstract
The use of mitochondrial DNA is a powerful tool for phylogeographic studies of Apis mellifera populations because of its matrilineal transmission. Several regions of this molecule has been analyzed using the restriction fragments length polymorphisms (RFLP) generated by digestion whit various enzymes. Of these, the more standardized and widely used variant is the study of the noncoding region between genes COII and tRNALeu, and the restriction fragments obtained by digesting this region with endonuclease DraI. With this type of test has been possible to identify three groups that overlap with the families described by Ruttner in 1988. It has also been possible to identify many haplotypes for each of the above groups, which in part reflect the geographical origin of populations. This analysis has also been employed to detect africanization processes, mainly in continental America.
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