Fluctuating asymmetry in the venation wing pattern of Apis mellifera in two farm of queen bee of Cuba
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Abstract
Bilateral symmetry in organisms is the result of the action of genes or groups of genes that control the development of paired organs. Ideally bilateral structures of an individual will be perfectly symmetrical. One reason why this symmetry is not enough environmental stress during ontogeny, presenting different forms of asymmetry as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), estimated as the random deviation in metric and meristic differences between the left and right components a bilateral basis. This can be used as a tool in monitoring stress levels in populations and as an indicator of fitness. Bees may have fluctuating asymmetry, which can be determined by analyzing anatomical structures like wings pairs. This study aims to determine the degree of asymmetry in the design of wing venation of Apis mellifera in two farms of Cuba under different environmental conditions. Were analyzed 14 hives of El Cocal in Cienfuegos and 10 in The Pedrero, Sancti, for a total of 140 individuals. 19 key points located on the right and left forewings were used. As asymmetry descriptor took into account the size of the centroid and the Procrustes distance from the reference configuration. Not a high degree of fluctuating asymmetry in hatcheries was found, although the asymmetry was slightly higher in The Cocal. These differences may be due to environmental stress that is subject to this breeding, which could cause difficulties in obtaining queens can survive, express and transmit their full productive potential.
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